③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗？
④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school．比尔毕业后当水手。
⑤They left yesterday．他们昨天离开的。
⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的？
⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。
⑧The students study English and German．这些学生学习英语和德语。
⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。
⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。

考点名称：否定句

• 否定句：
  表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。
  否定句的构成形式：
  a. 谓语为be动词时，“be+not "一名学生。
  b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时，“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 
  例：I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 
        He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。
  c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时，“情态动词+not”构成否定。 
  例：You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 
         I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。

• 否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类：
  （1）一般否定句
  I don't know this. No news is good news.
  There is no person（smoking）/not a person/not any person（smoking）in the house.
  （2）特指否定
  He went to his office, not to see him.
  I am sorry for not coming on time.
  I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
  （3）部分否定
  All the answers are not right
  All is not gold that glitters
  I don't know all of them.
  I can't see everybody/everything.
  Both of them are not right.
  （4）全体否定
  None of my friends smoke.
  I can see nothing/nobody.
  Neither of them is right.
  Nothing can be so simple as this.
  （5）延续否定
  You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
  You don't know, I don't know either.
  He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of（更不用说）French.
  （6）半否定句
  We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
  I know little English. I saw few people.
  （7）双重否定
  You can't make something out of nothing.
  What's done cannot be undone.
  There is no sweet without sweat.
  No gain without pains.
  I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
  No man is so old but（that）he can learn.
  （8）排除否定
  Everyone is ready except you.
  He did nothing but play.
  But for your help, I couldn't do it.
  （9）加强否定
  I won't do it at all.
  I can't see it any more.
  He is no longer a boy.

• 否定转移的形式与用法：
  一、动词的否定转移
  1.形式上否定主句的谓语，实际上是否定从句的谓语
  当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。
  表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如：
  I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。
  I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。
  I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。
  
  2. 形式上否定谓语动词，实际上否定复合宾语
  当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如：
  I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。
  I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
  I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。
  
  二、动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情况下，否定不转移：
  1.这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时，否定不转移。如：
  I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
  I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。
  
  2.用于疑问句时，否定不转移。如：
  Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？
  Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事？
  
  3.用作插入语时，否定不转移。如：
  Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
  Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
  Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。
  
  4.动词前有其他副词修饰时，否定不转移。如：
  I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
  I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
  
  5.动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。
  I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。
  She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。
  He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。
  He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。
  
  6.当宾语从句中含的否定为“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配时，否定不转移。如：
  I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。
  I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好，那么只记单词是不够的。
  I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。
  
  7.当宾语从句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定词或半否词时，否定不转移。如：
  I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。
  I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话，那么谁也逃不掉。
  I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。

考点名称：一般疑问句

• 一般疑问句：
  是疑问句的一种。它是以be动词，have或助动词、情态动词开头，用yes（是）或no（否）来回答的句子。
  其结构是：系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分
  一般疑问句的肯定形式为：
  助动词+主语（+实义动词）。肯定答语用“yes+可定结构”。 
  一般疑问句的否定形式为：
  助动词构成的缩写否定词+主语（+实义动词）。否定答语用“no+否定结构”。
  例：
  — Do you like this story-book? 你喜欢这本故事书吗？ 
  — Yes, I do. 喜欢。/ No, I don’t. 不喜欢。 
  — Is he a student? 他是一名学生吗？
  — Yes, he is. 是，他是。/ No, he isn’t. 不，他不是。

• 一般疑问句的改写：
  一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。例如:
  陈述句:They are in the swimming pool.
  一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool?
  注意：一般疑问句句末要用“?”。
  
  二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。例如:
  陈述句:He can drive a car.
  一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?
  
  三、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。一般疑问句式有两种形式:
  1.把have/has调到句首。例如:
  陈述句:Tommy has a computer.
  一般疑问句:Has Tommy/he a computer?
  2.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + have...?
  例如上句可变为: Does Tommy have a computer?

  四、一般动词的一般疑问句,也要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。
  其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+其它?
  陈述句:Amy speaks English.
  一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English?

  一般疑问句的回答：
  首先要有人称的改变。当主语为名词时,在答语中要改成其相应的代词。
  另外，答语有两种,肯定的回答(用yes)和否定的回答(用no),否定式常用缩写形式。