只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6）用作代动词，例如：
---- Do you like Beijing?　--你喜欢北京吗？
---- Yes, I do.　--是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
他知道如何开车，对吧？

基本助动词:
be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。
例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告
He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划
The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。

助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

考点名称：肯定句

• 对事物作出肯定判断的句子叫肯定句。
  对事物作出否定判断的句子叫否定句。
  结构：主语+谓语+其他 
  例：Tom played football yesterday afternoon. 汤姆昨天下午打篮球了。 
           This is my bedroom. 这是我的卧室。

• 肯定句分类：
  A、使用“是”字句，也叫判断句。 
  B、使用一般的肯定句式。
  

• 肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换：
  1、有am, is, are的句子，
  就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)
  This is a book.
  第一步：变一般疑问句 Is this a book?
  第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ?
  第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What is this?

  2、没有am, is, are的句子，
  肯定句变否定句：在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形
  肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形
  肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤
  第一步：先变一般疑问句
  第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分
  第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。
  注意：一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变，为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。     

  3、划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
  非单三时用do，单三时用does
  非单三：
  肯定句：I like English.
   一般疑问句：Do you like English?
  否定句：I do not like English.
  单三 ：
  肯定句：He likes English.
  一般疑问句：Does he like English?
  否定句：He does not like English.
  就划线部分提问：
  I like English.
  第一步：先变一般疑问句 Do you like English?
  第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what?
  第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What do you like?

  4、特殊：
  ①some变为any。如：
  There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
  但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：
  Would you like some orange juice?
  与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
  ②and变为or。如：
  I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
  ③a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：
  They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.
  There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）
  →There isn't much orange in the bottle.
  ④already变为yet。如：
  I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.

• 肯定句的组织结构：
  主系表：eg:I'm a girl.
  主谓宾：She write a leter to him.
  1.主语+系动词(be)+表语                      
  2.主语+call +宾语+宾语补足语                      
  3.主语+name +宾语+宾语补足语
  4.主语+is called +宾语补足语
  5.主语+is named +宾语
  6.主语+regard +宾语+as +宾语被足语
  7.主语+be +no (none)+other than (but)+表语
  8.主语+be +nothing +else but (but,else than,less than)+表语
  9.It is (was)+强调部分+that (who)+从句
  10.主语+感觉动词+表语
  11.主句+as if (as though)+从句
  12.主语+be +said to be (so-called)+表语
  13.主语+be,it is said，+表语
  14.So far from being +表语，主语+谓语+其它
  15.主语+be +more +表语+than +表语
  16.主语+be +less +表语+than +表语
  17.主语+be +表语+rather than +表语
  18.主语+be +not so much +表语+as 表语
  19.主语+be +either +表语+or +表语
  20.Either +主语+or +主语+be +表语

考点名称：否定句

• 否定句：
  表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。
  否定句的构成形式：
  a. 谓语为be动词时，“be+not "一名学生。
  b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时，“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 
  例：I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 
        He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。
  c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时，“情态动词+not”构成否定。 
  例：You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 
         I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。

• 否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类：
  （1）一般否定句
  I don't know this. No news is good news.
  There is no person（smoking）/not a person/not any person（smoking）in the house.
  （2）特指否定
  He went to his office, not to see him.
  I am sorry for not coming on time.
  I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
  （3）部分否定
  All the answers are not right
  All is not gold that glitters
  I don't know all of them.
  I can't see everybody/everything.
  Both of them are not right.
  （4）全体否定
  None of my friends smoke.
  I can see nothing/nobody.
  Neither of them is right.
  Nothing can be so simple as this.
  （5）延续否定
  You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
  You don't know, I don't know either.
  He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of（更不用说）French.
  （6）半否定句
  We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
  I know little English. I saw few people.
  （7）双重否定
  You can't make something out of nothing.
  What's done cannot be undone.
  There is no sweet without sweat.
  No gain without pains.
  I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
  No man is so old but（that）he can learn.
  （8）排除否定
  Everyone is ready except you.
  He did nothing but play.
  But for your help, I couldn't do it.
  （9）加强否定
  I won't do it at all.
  I can't see it any more.
  He is no longer a boy.

• 否定转移的形式与用法：
  一、动词的否定转移
  1.形式上否定主句的谓语，实际上是否定从句的谓语
  当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。
  表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如：
  I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。
  I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。
  I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。
  
  2. 形式上否定谓语动词，实际上否定复合宾语
  当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如：