10.2.1 Adsorption Isotherm 180

10.2.2 Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm Equation 181

10.2.3 Freundlich Adsorption Equation 187

10.2.4 Temkin Adsorption Equation 187

10.2.5 BET Equation for Multimolecular Layer Adsorption 188

10.2.6 Polanyi Adsorption Potential Theory and D–R Equation 194

10.2.7 Capillary Condensation and Adsorption Hysteresis 199

10.3 Adsorption from Solution 201

10.3.1 Amount of Adsorption 201

10.3.2 Adsorption Kinetics 204

10.3.3 Pseudofi rst Order Model 205

10.3.4 Pseudosecond Order Model 205

10.3.5 Intraparticle Diffusion Model 206

10.3.6 Elovich Model 207

10.4 Wetting of Solid Surface 207

10.4.1 Measurement of Contact Angle 209

10.4.2 Effect of Surface Roughness on Contact Angle 212

10.4.3 Spreading of Liquid on Solid Surface 213

10.4.4 Wetting and Water Treatment 215

10.5 Measurement of Properties of Adsorbents 216

10.5.1 Measurement of Specifi c Surface Area 216

10.5.2 Measurement of Pore Volume 217

10.5.3 Measurement of Mean Pore Radius 218

10.5.4 Measurement of Pore Radius Distribution 219

10.6 Analysis of the Surface of Adsorbents 221

10.6.1 Analysis of the Surface Morphology of Adsorbents 221

10.6.2 Analysis of the Surface Composition of Adsorbents 222

10.7 Adsorption in Natural Water and Water Treatment 223



11. Emulsion, Foam, and Gel

11.1 Emulsion 227

11.1.1 Formation of Emulsion and Its Type 227

11.1.2 Stabilization and Breaking of Emulsion 229

11.1.3 Applications of Emulsion in Wastewater Treatment 233

11.2 Foam 234

11.2.1 Structure and Formation Condition of Foam 234

11.2.2 Stability of Foam 235

11.2.3 Destruction of Foam 237

11.2.4 Application of Foam in Wastewater Treatment 239

11.3 Gel 240

11.3.1 Basic Concepts 240

11.3.2 Structure of Gel 241

11.3.3 Expansion of Gel 242

11.3.4 Diffusion in Gel 243

11.3.5 Gels in Water Treatment 244



Appendix A

Table A.1 Basic SI Units 247

Table A.2 Derived SI Units 247

Table A.3 Relation of SI Units to Other Common Units 248

Table A.4 Unit Prefi xes 248

Appendix B

Table B.1 Physical Constants 249

Table B.2 Surface Tension of Common Liquids 249

Table B.3 Physicochemical Constants of Water 250

Table B.4 HLB Value of Some Surfactants 252

Appendix C

Table C.1 Common Equations 253

Further Reading 255

Index 257

水质控制胶体与界面化学 作者简介

常青（1947—），男，毕业于中国科学院生态环境研究中心，硕士学位。任兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院教授，博导。获“全国模范教师”、“甘肃省高等学校教学名师”、“铁道部有突出贡献的中青年专家” 等称号。讲授环境化学、物理化学、胶体与界面化学等。研究方向为污染控制化学，主持科研项目10余项，其中国家自然科学基金项目4项，教育部博士点基金项目1项，甘肃省科技计划项目1项，指导博士研究生14名及硕士研究生50名，获教学奖励9项及科技奖励10项，发表学术论文120余篇，主编出版学术著作3部，参编出版学术著作2部。

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