8 Nanostructural Thin Film Development with Chemical Solution Deposition 159

Yanda Ji and Yuan Lin

8.1 Introduction 159

8.2 Precursor Solution Preparation 159

8.2.1 Chemical Strategies for Precursor Solutions 160

8.2.2 Sol–Gel Method 160

8.2.3 Metal-Organic Deposition 161

8.2.4 Polymer-Assisted Deposition 161

8.3 Coating 162

8.4 Thermal Treatment 163

8.5 Control of the Microstructures in Thin Films Prepared by CSD Techniques 164

8.5.1 Thermodynamics for CSD-Delivered Thin Films 164

8.5.2 EpitaxialThin Film Growth 166

8.6 Examples of NanostructuralThin Films Prepared by CSD Techniques 167

8.6.1 Sol–Gel-Delivered Nanostructured Materials 167

8.6.2 MOD of Nanostructured Materials 168

8.6.3 PAD-Delivered Nanostructured Materials 168

8.7 Summary 174

References 175



9 Nanomaterial Development Using In Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy 179

Xin Chen,Wangfan Zhou, Debiao Xie, and Hongliang Cao

9.1 Introduction 179

9.2 The Technological Development of In Situ Liquid Cell TEM 179

9.2.1 The Advent of the Modern In Situ Liquid Cell 180

9.2.2 Recent Technological Development of Liquid Cells 180

9.2.3 Commercial Liquid Cells 183

9.3 Nanomaterial Development Using In Situ Liquid Cell TEM Technology 185

9.3.1 Nanomaterial Growth Induced by Electrical Bias 185

9.3.2 Nanomaterial Growth Induced by Irradiation 187

9.3.3 Nanomaterial Formation Induced by Heating 189

9.3.4 Further Nanomaterial Development Results from In Situ Liquid Cell TEM 190

9.4 Summary and Outlook 191

Acknowledgments 191

References 192



10 Direct-Writing Nanolithography 195

Min Gao

10.1 Introduction 195

10.2 Electron Beam Lithography 195

10.3 Focused Ion Beam Lithography 198

10.4 Gas-Assisted Electron and Ion Beam Lithography 200

10.5 SPM Lithography 201

10.6 Dip-Pen Lithography 205

10.7 Summary 206

Acknowledgments 207

References 207



11 3D Printing of Nanostructures 209

Min Gao

11.1 Introduction 209

11.2 3D Printing Processes 209

11.3 Types of 3D Printing 210

11.3.1 Stereolithography 210

11.3.2 Fused Deposition Modeling 211

11.3.3 Selective Deposition Lamination 212

11.3.4 Selective Laser Sintering 213

11.3.5 3D Inkjet Printing 214

11.3.6 Multijet Modeling 214

11.4 3D Direct LaserWriting by Multiphoton Polymerization 214

11.5 3D Printing Applications 217

11.5.1 Medical Applications 217

11.5.2 Industrial Manufacturing 218

11.5.3 Daily Consumption 219

11.5.4 Limitation of 3D Printing Applications 219

11.6 Summary 219

Acknowledgments 220

References 220



12 Nanostructured Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 223

Alex Ignatiev, Rabi Ebrahim, Mukhtar Yeleuov, Daniel Fisher, Xin Chen,NaijuanWu, and Serekbol Tokmoldin

12.1 Introduction 223

12.2 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 223

12.2.1 Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fabrication 225

12.2.2 Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Testing 231

12.2.3 Thin Film Fuel Cell Stack Development and Testing 234

12.3 Summary 237

Acknowledgments 237

References 237



13 Nanostructured Magnetic Thin Films and Coatings 239

Goran Rasic

13.1 Introduction 239

13.2 High-Frequency Devices 240

13.2.1 Ferromagnets 241

13.2.2 Coercivity 242

13.2.3 Magnetic Losses 243

13.2.4 Nanoscale Methods of Loss Reduction 244

13.2.5 Manufacturing Considerations 244

13.2.6 Coercivity Reduction in Surface-Patterned Magnetic Thin Films 245

13.3 Magnetic Information Storage Devices 251

13.3.1 Superparamagnetic Limit 252

13.3.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 253

13.3.3 Present-Day Solutions 253

13.3.4 Bit Patterned Media 254

13.3.5 Manufacturing Considerations 255

13.3.6 Patterned Media for Magnetic Data Storage 256

13.4 Summary 261

Acknowledgments 261

References 262



14 Phase Change Materials for Memory Application 267

LiangcaiWu and Zhitang Song

 3/4   首页 上一页 1 2 3 4 下一页 尾页

工业技术 一般工业技术

在线阅读