sustainability issues
　4.1 introduction
　4.2 systematics and global distribution.
　4.3 vegetative growth and sexual reproduction
　4.4 optimal and sub-optimal climate and growth conditions
　4.5 propagation
　4.6 uses and abuses of jcl
　4.6.1 traditional non-fuel uses
　4.6.2 feedstock for biofuels
　4.6.3 utilization of jcl byproducts
　4.7 jcl as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels
　4.7.1 environmental impacts
　4.7.2 socioeconomic impacts
　4.8 significance of irrigation and fertilization for jcl cultivation
　4.8.1 effects of irrigation on pot-grown jcl plants
　4.8.2 effects of irrigation on field-grown jcl plants
　4.8.3 effects of fertilization on jcl plants
　4.9 conclusions
　references
5 environmental aspects of willow cultivation for
　bioenergy
　5.1 introduction
　5.2 willow plantations
　5.3 carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes
　5.3.1 estimates of growth and carbon sequestration
　5.3.2 eddy flux measurements
　5.3.3 closing the carbon budget
　5.3.4 the fertilization effect
　5.3.5 what are the limits?
　5.3.6 substitution efficiency and climate effect
　5.4 conclusions
　references
part iii biofuels and biogeochemical impacts
6 short rotation forestry for energy production in italy:
　environmental aspects and new perspectives of
　use in biofuel industry
　6.1 introduction
　6.2 ecological services provided by srf
　6.2.1 buffer strips and ecological corridors.
　6.2.2 fertirrigation: disposal of livestock, urban and
　industrial wastewaters
　6.2.3 soil erosion control
　6.2.4 co2 uptake and carbon sequestration
　6.3 biofuel production and srf
　6.4 conclusions
　references
7 populus and salix grown in a short-rotation coppice for
　bioenergy: ecophysiology, aboveground productivity, and
　stand-level water use efficiency
　7.1 introduction
　7.2 water use of src
　7.3 water use efficiency of src
　7.4 wue and related ecophysiological variables literature surveys
　7.5 case study: populus in the bohemian-moravian highlands
　7.5.1 introduction
　7.5.2 site and stand description
　7.5.3 methods
　7.5.4 results and discussion
　7.6 conclusions
　references
part iv biofuels and natural resource management
8 afforestation of salt-affected marginal lands with
　indigenous tree species for sustainable biomass and
　bioenergy production
　8.1 introduction
　8.2 origin and distribution of salt-affected soils in india
　8.3 properties of salt-affected soils
　8.4 natural vegetation on salt-affected soils
　8.5 management practices for afforestation on salt-affected soils
　8.5.1 selection of tree species
　8.5.2 pre-planting management strategies
　8.5.3 planting techniques
　8.5.4 post-planting management strategies
　8.6 biomass production
　8.6.1 saline soils
　8.6.2 sodic soils
　8.7 bioenergy production
　8.8 soil amelioration
　8.9 conclusions
　references
9 bioenergy and prospects for phytoremediation
　9.1 introduction
　9.2 bioenergy systems for soil phytoremediation
　9.2.1 phytoextraction of heavy metals
　9.2.2 srcs and rhizodegradation of organic pollution
　9.3 bioenergy systems for water phytoremediation
　9.3.1 phytoremediation systems with municipal wastewater
　9.3.2 phytoremediation systems with landfill leachate
　references
part v life cycle assessment principles
10 eight principles of uncertainty for life cycle assessment of
　biofuel systems
　10.1 introduction: regulatory lca
　10.2 eight principles of uncertainty for lca of biofuel systems
　10.3 principle 1: biofuel production is a complex system of systems
　10.4 principle 2: standardized lca methods for biofuels do not exist
　10.5 principle 3: empirical data are scarce for most aspects of biofuels,
　10.6 principle 4: local biofuel lcas reduce uncertainty and errors
　10.7 principle 5: sensitive parameters cause order of
　magnitude changes
　10.7.1 biorefinery natural gas efficiency-
　10.7.2 agricultural n20 emissions
　10.7.3 soil organic carbon dynamics and co2 emissions,
　10.7.4 setting an uncertainty standard for biofuel lca
　10.8 principle 6: indirect emissions are numerous and
　highly uncertain
　10.8.1 indirect land use change
　10.8.2 multiple indirect effects and global economic forecasting
　10.9 principle 7: transparency is essential for regulatory lca
　10.10 principle 8: fossil fuel reference systems are diverse and
　uncertain
　i10.11 conclusions
　references
11 energy and ghg emission assessments of biodiesel
　production in mato grosso, brazil

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