4.7 conclusions.
references
5 intrinsic josephson tunneling in high-temperature
superconductors
a. yurgens and d. winkler
5.1 introduction.
5.2 sample fabrication.
5.2.1 simple mesa
5.2.2 flip-chip zigzag bridges
5.2.3 other methods
5.3 electrical characterization.
5.3.1 i-v curves of intrinsic josephson junctions in bi2212
5.3.2 critical current density of individual cuo plane
5.3.3 superconducting critical current
of individual cuo planes in bi2212
5.3.4 tunneling spectroscopy.
5.3.5 thz radiation
5.3.6 joule heating in mesas
5.3.7 the c-axis positive and negative magneto-
resistance in a perpendicular magnetic
field
5.4 summary.
references
6 stacked josephson junctions
s. madsen, n.f. pedersen, and p.l. christiansen
6.1 introduction.
6.2 model
6.2.1 numerical method.
6.2.2 analytic solutions.
6.3 bunching of fluxons.
6.3.1 bunching due to coupling between equations
6.3.2 bunching due to boundary conditions
6.3.3 external microwave signal
6.3.4 external cavity
6.4 experimentalwork
6.5 summary.
references
7 point-contact spectroscopy of multigap superconductors
p. samuely, p. szab?o, z. pribulov?a, and j. kaˇcmarˇc??k
7.1 point-contact andreev reflexion spectroscopy.
7.2 two gaps in mgb2 and doped mgb2 systems
7.2.1 mgb2
7.2.2 aluminum and carbon-dopedmgb2
7.3 multiband superconductivity in the 122-type iron pnictides
7.4 conclusions.
references
8 nanoscale structures and pseudogap in under-doped
high-tc superconductors
m. saarela and f.v. kusmartsev
8.1 introduction.
8.2 microscopic origin of two types of charge carriers.
8.3 pseudogap and two types of charge carriers
8.4 nanostructures in stm measurements..
8.5 conclusions.
references
9 scanning tunneling spectroscopy of high tc cuprates
ivan maggio-aprile, christophe berthod, nathan jenkins,
yanina fasano, alexandre piriou, and ?ystein fischer
9.1 introduction.
9.2 basic principles of the stm/sts technique
9.2.1 operating principles
9.2.2 topography
9.2.3 local tunneling spectroscopy.
9.2.4 sts of superconductors..
9.3 spectral characteristics of hts cuprates
9.3.1 general spectral features of hts cuprates.
9.3.2 superconducting gap and pseudogap
9.4 revealing vortices and the structure
of their cores by sts
9.4.1 vortex matter in conventional superconductors.
9.4.2 vortex matter in hts.
9.4.3 electronic structure of the cores
9.5 local electronic modulations seen by stm.
9.5.1 local modulations of the superconducting gap
9.5.2 local modulations of the dos
9.5.3 summary.
references
10 scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of vortices
with normal and superconducting tips
j.g. rodrigo, h. suderow, and s. vieira
10.1 introduction.
10.2 experimental: low temperature stm
with superconducting tips
10.2.1 low temperature stm.
10.2.2 tips preparation and characterization..
10.2.3 spectroscopic advantages of superconducting tips
10.3 vortices studied by sts
10.3.1 the vortex lattice: general properties
and visualization
10.3.2 nbse2 studied with normal
and superconducting tips.
10.3.3 nbse2 vs. nbs2
10.3.4 the vortex lattice in thin films: a 2d vortex lattice
10.4 other scenarios for the interplay of magnetism
and superconductivity
10.5 summary and prospects.
references
11 surface superconductivity controlled by electric field
pavel lipavsk?y, jan kol?aˇcek, and klaus morawetz
11.1 introduction..
11.2 limit of large thomas-fermi screening length
11.3 de gennes approach to the boundary condition
11.4 link to the limit of large screening length
11.5 electric field effect on surface superconductivity
11.5.1 nucleation of surface superconductivity
11.5.2 solution in dimensionless notation
11.5.3 surface energy..
11.6 magneto-capacitance.
11.6.1 discontinuity in magneto-capacitance
11.6.2 estimates of magnitude
11.7 summary.
references
12 polarity-dependent vortex pinning
and spontaneous vortex-antivortex structures
in superconductor/ferromagnet hybrids
simon j. bending, milorad v. miloˇsevi?c,
and victor v. moshchalkov
12.1 introduction..
12.2 theoretical description of f-s hybrids
12.2.1 ginzburg-landau theory.
12.2.2 london theory
12.3 experimental results.
12.3.1 scanning hall probe imaging.
12.3.2 low moment dot arrays with perpendicular
magnetisation.
12.3.3 high moment dot arrays with perpendicular
magnetisation.
12.3.4 high moment arrays with in-plane magnetisation.
12.4 conclusions.
references
13 superconductor/ferromagnet hybrids: bilayers

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