用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。1. The boy is happy because he _________(sell) out all the newspapers. 2. The plan _________(give) up because of rain. 3. If i-九年级英语


助动词主要有两类:基本助动词和情态助动词。
基本助动词有三个:do,have和be;
情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:
1) 构成否定式:
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式:
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3) 构成修辞倒装:
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4) 代替限定动词词组:
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.

情态动词表推测的用法小结   
(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式    
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can, could(也许,或许)。   
(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?    
          他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。   
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.   
          屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。    
2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not (可能不)。   
(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.  这不可能是校长,他去美国了。   
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。   
3. 疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。    
 (1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗?    
 (2)Can he be at home now?  他现在能在家吗?   
注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。   

(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态   
1. 对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。    
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.  5: 00 前她一定/可能/也许到。    
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.   
           她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。   
2. 对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。    
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。   
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。   
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?   
          布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?    
3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。   
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.  地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。   
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。   
(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 难道他找到书了吗?    
注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去 分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。 
例如:   
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.   
     现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)   
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look  after her mother in hospital. (虚拟)   
她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。   
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.   (虚拟)   
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。

考点名称:系动词

  • 系动词
    亦称连系动词。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

  • 系动词的分类:
    1)状态系动词
    用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
    He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
    2)持续系动词
    用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
    He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
    This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
    3)表像系动词
    用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
    He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
    He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
    4)感官系动词
    感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
    This kind of cloth feels very soft.
    这种布手感很软。
    This flower smells very sweet.
    这朵花闻起来很香。
    5)变化系动词
    这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
    例如:
    He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
    She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
    6)终止系动词
    表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
    The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
    The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
    His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

  • 系动词使用的注意事项:
    系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

    1.be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。

    a通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。

    b特别要注意be+过去分词所构成的系表结构与be+过去分词所构成的被动语态的区别。

    c前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。

    如:The door was closed.

    后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed by me.

    d还要注意be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。

    前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.

    后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:

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