题文

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Do you mind _____ (tell) me how _____ (use) this function? 2. Do you want me _____ (order) one for you, too? 3. Would you like _____ (play) a new computer game? 4. Twenty minutes later, the dog _____ (find) in the garden. 5. Get it now before all the copies _____ (sell) out. 6. One day, he _____ (lie) on the grass and looking at the      beautiful blue sky when he _____ (fall) asleep and had a strange dream. 7. It _____ (look) like a television. 8. It used to _____ (be) the home of many wild animals.

题型：填空题  难度：中档

答案

1. telling, to use   2. to order   3. to play   4. was found 5. are sold   6. was lying, fell   7. looks 8. be

据专家权威分析，试题“用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Do you mind _____ (tell)..”主要考查你对  不定式，被动语态，动名词，动词短语，一般过去时  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

不定式被动语态动名词动词短语一般过去时

考点名称：不定式

• 动词不定式：
  指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
  动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

• 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。
  动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。
  这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：
  

  时态	主动形式	被动形式
  一般式	(not) to do	(not) to be done
  完成式	(not) to have done	(not) to have been done
  进行式	(not) to be doing
  完成进行式	(not) to have been doing

• 不定式的用法:
  1、不定式作主语
  例如：To remember this is very important.
  注意：为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。
  例如：It is very important to remember this.
  2、不定式作表语
  例如：He seems to be ill.
  注意：不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式（尤其是to be），
  二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形，
  三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等，如： 
  You are to come when I call.
  3、不定式作宾语
  例如：I can not afford to buy a car.
  注意：
  ①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语，还可用作个别介词（but, except）的宾语。
  例如：I had no choice but to wait.
  ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后
  例如：I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.
  4、不定式作宾语补足语
  例如：Who taught you to drive?
  5、不定式作定语
  例如：I have a question to ask you.
  注意：有的名词（如way, chance, right等）后用作不定式可换成of doing sth.
  如：It is the best way to do (of doing) it.
  但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth.
  attempt  courage  decision  effort  fortune  failure  invitation  wish
  6、不定式作状语
  例如：I went to France to learn French.

考点名称：被动语态

• 语态：
  是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
  语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
  如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
  如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

• 被动语态的构成:
  被动语态的基本结构：
  主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
  ① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
  如：Trees are planted every year.
  ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
  如：The road is being repaired. 
  ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
  如：The work has been finished.
  ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
  如：The story was told by him.
  Many birds were killed last year.
  ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
  如： The new house was being painted when I got home.
  ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
  如： He told me that the work had been finished.
  ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
  如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
  ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
  如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
  ⑨情态动词的被动语态
  情态动词+ be +过去分词    
  如：The problem must be solved soon.
  Children should be taught to love animals.

• 被动语态使用注意:
  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out......
  What will happen in 100 years.
  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride.....
  This pen writes well.
  This new book sells well.
  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。
  例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
  My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
  We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
  The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
  构成be+done.

• 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：