考点名称：疑问代词

• 疑问代词:
  在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句，主要用于询问“何人”、“何事”、“什么”。
  常见的疑问代词如下表所示：
  

  疑问代词	替代范围
  who	人
  whom	人
  whose	人
  which	人、事、物
  what	事、物

考点名称：肯定句

• 对事物作出肯定判断的句子叫肯定句。
  对事物作出否定判断的句子叫否定句。
  结构：主语+谓语+其他 
  例：Tom played football yesterday afternoon. 汤姆昨天下午打篮球了。 
           This is my bedroom. 这是我的卧室。

• 肯定句分类：
  A、使用“是”字句，也叫判断句。 
  B、使用一般的肯定句式。
  

• 肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换：
  1、有am, is, are的句子，
  就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)
  This is a book.
  第一步：变一般疑问句 Is this a book?
  第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ?
  第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What is this?

  2、没有am, is, are的句子，
  肯定句变否定句：在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形
  肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形
  肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤
  第一步：先变一般疑问句
  第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分
  第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。
  注意：一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变，为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。     

  3、划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
  非单三时用do，单三时用does
  非单三：
  肯定句：I like English.
   一般疑问句：Do you like English?
  否定句：I do not like English.
  单三 ：
  肯定句：He likes English.
  一般疑问句：Does he like English?
  否定句：He does not like English.
  就划线部分提问：
  I like English.
  第一步：先变一般疑问句 Do you like English?
  第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what?
  第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What do you like?

  4、特殊：
  ①some变为any。如：
  There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
  但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：
  Would you like some orange juice?
  与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
  ②and变为or。如：
  I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
  ③a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：
  They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.
  There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）
  →There isn't much orange in the bottle.
  ④already变为yet。如：
  I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.

• 肯定句的组织结构：
  主系表：eg:I'm a girl.
  主谓宾：She write a leter to him.
  1.主语+系动词(be)+表语                      
  2.主语+call +宾语+宾语补足语                      
  3.主语+name +宾语+宾语补足语
  4.主语+is called +宾语补足语
  5.主语+is named +宾语
  6.主语+regard +宾语+as +宾语被足语
  7.主语+be +no (none)+other than (but)+表语
  8.主语+be +nothing +else but (but,else than,less than)+表语
  9.It is (was)+强调部分+that (who)+从句
  10.主语+感觉动词+表语
  11.主句+as if (as though)+从句
  12.主语+be +said to be (so-called)+表语
  13.主语+be,it is said，+表语
  14.So far from being +表语，主语+谓语+其它
  15.主语+be +more +表语+than +表语
  16.主语+be +less +表语+than +表语
  17.主语+be +表语+rather than +表语
  18.主语+be +not so much +表语+as 表语
  19.主语+be +either +表语+or +表语
  20.Either +主语+or +主语+be +表语

考点名称：否定句

• 否定句：
  表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。
  否定句的构成形式：
  a. 谓语为be动词时，“be+not "一名学生。
  b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时，“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 
  例：I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 
        He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。
  c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时，“情态动词+not”构成否定。 
  例：You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 
         I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。

• 否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类：
  （1）一般否定句
  I don't know this. No news is good news.
  There is no person（smoking）/not a person/not any person（smoking）in the house.
  （2）特指否定
  He went to his office, not to see him.
  I am sorry for not coming on time.
  I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
  （3）部分否定
  All the answers are not right
  All is not gold that glitters
  I don't know all of them.
  I can't see everybody/everything.
  Both of them are not right.
  （4）全体否定
  None of my friends smoke.
  I can see nothing/nobody.
  Neither of them is right.
  Nothing can be so simple as this.
  （5）延续否定
  You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
  You don't know, I don't know either.
  He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of（更不用说）French.