题文

有一个角是60°的直角三角形，求它的面积y与斜边x的函数关系式．

题型：解答题  难度：中档

答案

∵AB=x，∠B=60°， ∴AC=AB×sin60°= 3 2 x，BC=AB×cos60°= x 2 ， ∴S= 1 2 × 3 2 x× x 2 = 3 8 x2．

据专家权威分析，试题“有一个角是60°的直角三角形，求它的面积y与斜边x的函数关系式．-数..”主要考查你对  函数值，解直角三角形  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

函数值解直角三角形

考点名称：函数值

• 定义：
  函数的值是指自变量在其取值范围内取某个值时，函数与之对应的唯一确定的值。如当x=a时，函数有唯一确定的对应值，这个值就是当x=a时的函数值。

• 函数值的性质：
  ①当函数式是由一个解析式表示时，欲求函数值，实质就是求代数式的值；
  ②当一只函数解析式，又给出函数值，欲求相应的自变量的值时，实质就是解方程；
  ③当给定函数值的一个取值范围，欲求相应的自变量的取值范围时，实质就是解不等式；
  ④当自变量确定时，函数值时唯一确定的，但当函数值唯一确定时，对应的自变量可以是多个，如y=x²-1,当x=3时，x=±2。

考点名称：解直角三角形

• 概念：
  在直角三角形中，除直角外，一共有五个元素，即三条边和两个锐角，由直角三角形中除直角外的已知元素，求出所有未知元素的过程叫做解直角三角形。
  
  解直角三角形的边角关系：
  在Rt△ABC中，∠C=90°，∠A，∠B，∠C所对的边分别为a，b，c，
  （1）三边之间的关系：（勾股定理）；
  （2）锐角之间的关系：∠A+∠B=90°；
  （3）边角之间的关系：。

• 解直角三角形的函数值:
  

  锐角三角函数：
  sinA=a/c,cosA=b/c,tanA=a/b,cotA=b/a
  （1）互余角的三角函数值之间的关系：
  若∠ A+∠ B=90°，那么sinA=cosB或sinB=cosA
  （2）同角的三角函数值之间的关系：
  ①sin²A+cos²A=1
  ②tanA=sinA/cosA
  ③tanA=1/tanB
  ④a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC
  （3）锐角三角函数随角度的变化规律：
  锐角∠A的tan值和sin值随着角度的增大而增大，cos值随着角度的增大而减小。

• 解直角三角形的应用：
  一般步骤是：
  （1）将实际问题抽象为数学问题（画图，转化为直角三角形的问题）；
  （2）根据题目的条件，适当选择锐角三角函数等去解三角形；
  （3）得到数学问题的答案；
  （4）还原为实际问题的答案。

• 解直角三角形的函数值列举：
  sin1=0.01745240643728351 sin2=0.03489949670250097 sin3=0.05233595624294383
  sin4=0.0697564737441253 sin5=0.08715574274765816 sin6=0.10452846326765346
  sin7=0.12186934340514747 sin8=0.13917310096006544 sin9=0.15643446504023087
  sin10=0.17364817766693033 sin11=0.1908089953765448 sin12=0.20791169081775931
  sin13=0.22495105434386497 sin14=0.24192189559966773 sin15=0.25881904510252074
  sin16=0.27563735581699916 sin17=0.2923717047227367 sin18=0.3090169943749474
  sin19=0.3255681544571567 sin20=0.3420201433256687 sin21=0.35836794954530027
  sin22=0.374606593415912 sin23=0.3907311284892737 sin24=0.40673664307580015
  sin25=0.42261826174069944 sin26=0.4383711467890774 sin27=0.45399049973954675
  sin28=0.4694715627858908 sin29=0.48480962024633706 sin30=0.49999999999999994
  sin31=0.5150380749100542 sin32=0.5299192642332049 sin33=0.544639035015027
  sin34=0.5591929034707468 sin35=0.573576436351046 sin36=0.5877852522924731
  sin37=0.6018150231520483 sin38=0.6156614753256583 sin39=0.6293203910498375
  sin40=0.6427876096865392 sin41=0.6560590289905073 sin42=0.6691306063588582
  sin43=0.6819983600624985 sin44=0.6946583704589972 sin45=0.7071067811865475
  sin46=0.7193398003386511 sin47=0.7313537016191705 sin48=0.7431448254773941
  sin49=0.7547095802227719 sin50=0.766044443118978 sin51=0.7771459614569708
  sin52=0.7880107536067219 sin53=0.7986355100472928 sin54=0.8090169943749474
  sin55=0.8191520442889918 sin56=0.8290375725550417 sin57=0.8386705679454239
  sin58=0.848048096156426 sin59=0.8571673007021122 sin60=0.8660254037844386
  sin61=0.8746197071393957 sin62=0.8829475928589269 sin63=0.8910065241883678
  sin64=0.898794046299167 sin65=0.9063077870366499 sin66=0.9135454576426009
  sin67=0.9205048534524404 sin68=0.9271838545667873 sin69=0.9335804264972017
  sin70=0.9396926207859083 sin71=0.9455185755993167 sin72=0.9510565162951535
  sin73=0.9563047559630354 sin74=0.9612616959383189 sin75=0.9659258262890683
  sin76=0.9702957262759965 sin77=0.9743700647852352 sin78=0.9781476007338057
  sin79=0.981627183447664 sin80=0.984807753012208 sin81=0.9876883405951378
  sin82=0.9902680687415704 sin83=0.992546151641322 sin84=0.9945218953682733
  sin85=0.9961946980917455 sin86=0.9975640502598242 sin87=0.9986295347545738
  sin88=0.9993908270190958 sin89=0.9998476951563913
  sin90=1

  cos1=0.9998476951563913 cos2=0.9993908270190958 cos3=0.9986295347545738
  cos4=0.9975640502598242 cos5=0.9961946980917455 cos6=0.9945218953682733
  cos7=0.992546151641322 cos8=0.9902680687415704 cos9=0.9876883405951378
  cos10=0.984807753012208 cos11=0.981627183447664 cos12=0.9781476007338057
  cos13=0.9743700647852352 cos14=0.9702957262759965 cos15=0.9659258262890683
  cos16=0.9612616959383189 cos17=0.9563047559630355 cos18=0.9510565162951535
  cos19=0.9455185755993168 cos20=0.9396926207859084 cos21=0.9335804264972017
  cos22=0.9271838545667874 cos23=0.9205048534524404 cos24=0.9135454576426009
  cos25=0.9063077870366499 cos26=0.898794046299167 cos27=0.8910065241883679
  cos28=0.882947592858927 cos29=0.8746197071393957 cos30=0.8660254037844387
  cos31=0.8571673007021123 cos32=0.848048096156426 cos33=0.838670567945424
  cos34=0.8290375725550417 cos35=0.8191520442889918 cos36=0.8090169943749474
  cos37=0.7986355100472928 cos38=0.7880107536067219 cos39=0.7771459614569709
  cos40=0.766044443118978 cos41=0.754709580222772 cos42=0.7431448254773942
  cos43=0.7313537016191705 cos44=0.7193398003386512 cos45=0.7071067811865476
  cos46=0.6946583704589974 cos47=0.6819983600624985 cos48=0.6691306063588582
  cos49=0.6560590289905074 cos50=0.6427876096865394 cos51=0.6293203910498375
  cos52=0.6156614753256583 cos53=0.6018150231520484 cos54=0.5877852522924731
  cos55=0.5735764363510462 cos56=0.5591929034707468 cos57=0.5446390350150272
  cos58=0.5299192642332049 cos59=0.5150380749100544 cos60=0.5000000000000001
  cos61=0.4848096202463371 cos62=0.46947156278589086 cos63=0.4539904997395468
  cos64=0.43837114678907746 cos65=0.42261826174069944 cos66=0.4067366430758004
  cos67=0.3907311284892737 cos68=0.3746065934159122 cos69=0.35836794954530015
  cos70=0.3420201433256688 cos71=0.32556815445715675 cos72=0.30901699437494745
  cos73=0.29237170472273677 cos74=0.27563735581699916 cos75=0.25881904510252074
  cos76=0.24192189559966767 cos77=0.22495105434386514 cos78=0.20791169081775923
  cos79=0.19080899537654491 cos80=0.17364817766693041 cos81=0.15643446504023092
  cos82=0.13917310096006546 cos83=0.12186934340514749 cos84=0.10452846326765346
  cos85=0.08715574274765836 cos86=0.06975647374412523 cos87=0.052335956242943966
  cos88=0.03489949670250108 cos89=0.0174524064372836
  cos90=0

  tan1=0.017455064928217585 tan2=0.03492076949174773 tan3=0.052407779283041196
  tan4=0.06992681194351041 tan5=0.08748866352592401 tan6=0.10510423526567646
  tan7=0.1227845609029046 tan8=0.14054083470239145 tan9=0.15838444032453627
  tan10=0.17632698070846497 tan11=0.19438030913771848 tan12=0.2125565616700221
  tan13=0.2308681911255631 tan14=0.24932800284318068 tan15=0.2679491924311227
  tan16=0.2867453857588079 tan17=0.30573068145866033 tan18=0.3249196962329063
  tan19=0.34432761328966527 tan20=0.36397023426620234 tan21=0.3838640350354158
  tan22=0.4040262258351568 tan23=0.4244748162096047 tan24=0.4452286853085361
  tan25=0.4663076581549986 tan26=0.4877325885658614 tan27=0.5095254494944288
  tan28=0.5317094316614788 tan29=0.554309051452769 tan30=0.5773502691896257
  tan31=0.6008606190275604 tan32=0.6248693519093275 tan33=0.6494075931975104
  tan34=0.6745085168424265 tan35=0.7002075382097097 tan36=0.7265425280053609
  tan37=0.7535540501027942 tan38=0.7812856265067174 tan39=0.8097840331950072
  tan40=0.8390996311772799 tan41=0.8692867378162267 tan42=0.9004040442978399
  tan43=0.9325150861376618 tan44=0.9656887748070739 tan45=0.9999999999999999
  tan46=1.0355303137905693 tan47=1.0723687100246826 tan48=1.1106125148291927
  tan49=1.1503684072210092 tan50=1.19175359259421 tan51=1.234897156535051
  tan52=1.2799416321930785 tan53=1.3270448216204098 tan54=1.3763819204711733
  tan55=1.4281480067421144 tan56=1.4825609685127403 tan57=1.5398649638145827
  tan58=1.6003345290410506 tan59=1.6642794823505173 tan60=1.7320508075688767
  tan61=1.8040477552714235 tan62=1.8807264653463318 tan63=1.9626105055051503
  tan64=2.050303841579296 tan65=2.1445069205095586 tan66=2.246036773904215
  tan67=2.355852365823753 tan68=2.4750868534162946 tan69=2.6050890646938023
  tan70=2.7474774194546216 tan71=2.904210877675822 tan72=3.0776835371752526
  tan73=3.2708526184841404 tan74=3.4874144438409087 tan75=3.7320508075688776
  tan76=4.0107809335358455 tan77=4.331475874284153 tan78=4.704630109478456
  tan79=5.144554015970307 tan80=5.671281819617707 tan81=6.313751514675041
  tan82=7.115369722384207 tan83=8.144346427974593 tan84=9.514364454222587
  tan85=11.43005230276132 tan86=14.300666256711942 tan87=19.08113668772816
  tan88=28.636253282915515 tan89=57.289961630759144
  tan90=(无限)