题文

One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(适应能力) was Charles Darwin(达尔文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(观察) nature more than having medical classes. He dropped out without graduating. Next, Charles’ father sent him to school to become a minister(牧师). This time he made it to graduation, but he didn’t want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science. Luckily, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist after graduation. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their task was to make maps of the places they visited. On December 27th, 1831. Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to begin his scientific study. Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things. 小题1:Darwin was very interested in ____________. A．having medical classes B．the work of a minister C．sailing around the world D．science and nature 小题2:The trip on the Beagle lasted ____________ years. A．five B．four C．three D．two 小题3:When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was ____________ years old. A．twenty B．twenty-three C．forty-five D．fifty 小题4:The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ____________. A．adaptations B．Darwin and Wallace C．animals D．Darwin’s ideas

题型：阅读理解  难度：偏易

答案

小题1:D 小题2:A 小题3:D 小题4:A

试题分析：这篇文章讲述了达尔文的生命历程，以及他对科学和自然的热爱使他在50岁的时候，完成了生物适者生存的论文。 小题1:细节题。根据文章Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(观察) nature more than having medical classes.可知，达尔文对科学和自然感兴趣。故选D 小题2:细节题。根据文章In fact, it lasted five.可知，《比格尔》的航行了五年。故选A 小题3:细节题。根据文章可知，1831年他开始随船航行，在航行了5年之后，他花费为了23年的时间也就是1859年完成了一篇科学论文，可知，那时候他已经50岁了。故选D 小题4:细节题。根据文章Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代).可知，达尔文描述了一些动物是如何适应环境，帮助它们生存下来，那种适应能力传递了后代。所以，they指代的是适应能力。故选A 点评：本文的思路清晰，结构明确。首先对文章的大致意思进行了解。初三英语阅读多为细节题，考察学生的信息捕捉能力。对于细节题，学生在理解全文的基础上要对题目中关键字在文章中迅速定位，找到相对应的出处，答题比较备选答案的区别及和文章信息最相关的是哪个，即那个就为正确答案。

据专家权威分析，试题“One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(适应能..”主要考查你对  人物传记类阅读，故事类阅读  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

人物传记类阅读故事类阅读

考点名称：人物传记类阅读

• 人物传记类阅读：
  本类型选材主要是名人轶事。
  人物传记的叙述线索也常常以时间为序。内容一般不是一个人的生活流水账，而是选取主人公一些重要的人生阶段或生活片段来展开叙述。
  阅读时要把握主人公在此阶段发生的事对他本身或他人有什么重要的意义和影响。

考点名称：故事类阅读

• 故事类阅读：
  文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。
  命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
  阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。

• 故事类阅读注意：
  初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。
  阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。
  
  特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。
  而阅读材料后的阅读理解往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。
  
  凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。
  
  在阅读故事类短文时，应理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题．