根据句意及首字母或汉语提示,将单词的正确形式写在相应的横线上。1. I_____(not do) my homework yesterday afternoon.2. My sister is ill. She doesn't want to do -七年级英语

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不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

  • 英汉实意动词用法比较:
    与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
    a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
    We arrived at the railway station at noon.
    我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)
    (比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
    Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.
    每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)
    (比较:We all heard the lecture.)
    Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

    b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。
    Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.
    我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
    用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。

  •  实意动词的用法:
    肯定句:
    主语+动词过去式+其它
    否定句:
    主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他
    一般过去式:
    Did+主语+动词原型+其他

  • 考点名称:一般过去时

    • 一般过去时:
      表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
      基本结构:
      主语+动词过去式+其他;
      否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;
      一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

    • 一般过去时句法结构:
      肯定形式
      主语+动词过去式+其他
      例句:She often came to help us in those days.
      否定形式
      ①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
      例句:I didn't know you like coffee
      一般疑问句
      ①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语?
      例句:Did I do that?
      用表格整理如下:
      肯定式 疑问式 否定式 疑问否定式
      Iworked Did I work? I did not work Did I not work?
      He(She,It) worked Did he(she,it) work? He(she,it) did not work Did he(she,it) notwork?
      We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work?
      You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
      They worked Did they work? They did not work Did they not work?
      记忆口诀:
      一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。
      动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
      否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。
      一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
      特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
      最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!

      一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:

      构成

      举例

      一般情况

      词尾+ed

      动词原形

      过去式和过去分词

      look
      talk

      looked
      talked

      以不发音字母e结尾

      词尾+d

      like
      arrive

      liked
      arrived

      以“辅以字母+y”结尾

      变y为i,再加ed

      fly
      study

      flied
      studied

      以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母

      双写词尾+ed

      stop
      plan

      stopped
      planned 


      结构句型:

      1.一般句子
      I watched TV last night.
      2.一般疑问句
      Did you watch TV last night?
      3.there be 句型
      There was an apple on the table last night.
      Was there an apple on the table last night

    • 一般过去时注意事项:
      1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性
      如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:
      He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。
      I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
      I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。

      2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:
      I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。
      I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
      I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
      Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?

      3.used to
      used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如:
      I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)
      I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)

    • 一般过去式用法:
      (1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
      一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。
      句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它
      I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。
      He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。

      (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:
      yesterday,last week ,in  the  past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
      (句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。
      Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)
      Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
      When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
      I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)
      Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
      I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
      I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。

      (3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:
      yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、
      once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、
      When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
      Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
      Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。
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