题文

Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will turn out. Sir John Gurdon is a good example of this. As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class. Now, aged 79，the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka. Like so many scientists, Gurdon shows us where the power of curiosity and perseverance can lead. When he was 15 in 1948，Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject. Gurdon’s high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was “quite ridiculous”. In spite of his teacher’s criticisms, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard. He went to the lab early and left later than anyone else. He experienced thousands of failures. “My own belief is that we will, in the end，understand everything about how cells actually work，”Gurdon said. In 1962, Gurdon took a cell from an adult frog and moved its genetic information into an egg cell. The egg cell then grew into a clone of the adult frog. This technique later helped to create Dolly the sheep in 1996，the first cloned mammal in the world. In 2006，Gurdon’s work was developed by Yamanaka to show that a sample of a person’s skin can be used to create stem cells. Using this technique, doctors can repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack. “Luck favors the prepared mind，”Gurdon told the Nobel Prize Organization. “Ninety percent of the time things don’t work, but when they do, you have to seize the chance. ”   根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 小题1:Who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine? A．Sir John Gurdon B．Shinya Yamanaka. C．Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka. D．Gurdon’s science teacher. 小题2:What does the underlined word “ridiculous” mean? A．无知的 B．无畏的 C．荒废的 D．荒谬的 小题3:According to the passage, which statement is TRUE? A．As a boy, he was told he was hopeful. B．He ranked first at his high school in biology. C．It’s impossible for the doctors to repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack. D．In spite of his teacher’s criticisms, he kept working hard. 小题4:What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Ninety percent of the time things don’t work. B．Luck favors the prepared mind. C．Life is full of pleasure. D．How to know cells actually work.

题型：阅读理解  难度：中档

答案

小题1:C 小题2:D 小题3:D 小题4:B

试题分析：这篇文章主要介绍一位诺贝尔医学奖获得者John Gurdon，他在小时候受尽质疑，但是凭借着不放弃、勇往直前的精神最终获得成功。 小题1:细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句话Now, aged 79，the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka.“79岁的Gurdon和日本干细胞研究者Shinya Yamanaka共同获得2012年诺贝尔医学奖。”故选C。 小题2:词义猜测题。第三段介绍Gurdon的老师对他的质疑和批评，认为他不可能成才。Gurdon’s high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was “quite ridiculous”.译为“Gerdon的高中科学老师甚至说他成为一名科学家的梦想很荒谬。”故选D。 小题3:细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二行As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class.可知A错误；根据第三顿第一句话When he was 15 in 1948，Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject.可知B错误；根据第七段最后一句话doctors can repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.可知C错误；根据第四段第一句话In spite of his teacher’s criticisms, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard.可知D正确。故选D。 小题4:主旨大意题。文章主要介绍一位诺贝尔医学奖获得者John Gurdon，他在小时候受尽质疑，但是凭借着不放弃、勇往直前的精神最终获得成功。故选B。

据专家权威分析，试题“Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will..”主要考查你对  人物传记类阅读，故事类阅读  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

人物传记类阅读故事类阅读

考点名称：人物传记类阅读

• 人物传记类阅读：
  本类型选材主要是名人轶事。
  人物传记的叙述线索也常常以时间为序。内容一般不是一个人的生活流水账，而是选取主人公一些重要的人生阶段或生活片段来展开叙述。
  阅读时要把握主人公在此阶段发生的事对他本身或他人有什么重要的意义和影响。

考点名称：故事类阅读

• 故事类阅读：
  文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。
  命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
  阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。

• 故事类阅读注意：
  初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。
  阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。
  
  特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。
  而阅读材料后的阅读理解往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。
  
  凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。
  
  在阅读故事类短文时，应理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题．