分类 构成 例句 一般情况下 在词尾直接加ed ask—asked
work—worked 以不发音的e结尾 只加d

love—loved

dance—danced

以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed try—tried
study—studied 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的
重读音节结尾的动词 先双写末尾一个字母，再加ed stop—stopped
permit—permitted “-ed”的读音规则 1.在清辅音后面读[t],如：help—helped[helpt]
2.在浊辅音或元音后读[d]，如：learn—learned
3.在[t]和[d]后读[id]，如：want—wantedneed—needed注:以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l,如control—controlled;
尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled/traveled。
特例：picnic—picnicked，另外还有很多动词的过去式是不合乎上述规则的，常见的有:
常用的有：
begin—began,         bring—brought,        come—came,        draw—drew,
drink—drank,          drive—drove,          eat—ate,                feel—felt,
get—got,                  give—gave,              go—went,             grow—grew,
have (has)—had,      keep—kept,            know—knew,       leave—left,  
make—made,           read—read,            run—ran,               say—said,
see—saw,                sit—sat

几个特殊实意动词过去式用法:
a.beat的过去式与原形同形：   
beat（打击） 
beat（过去式） 
beaten（过去分词）   
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同   
lie，lied, lied（说谎）   
lay, lain（躺，位于）   

c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同   
hang，hanged, hanged（处绞刑）   
hung, hung(挂，吊)   

d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词   
welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）   
welcome, welcome（误）   

e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词   
hit（打） 
hit, hit（正）   
hitted, hitted（误） 

实意动词过去式用法基本句式：
1.主+V-ed+宾+其它。。。（肯定句）
2.主+didn't+V原+宾+其它。。。
3.Did+主+V原+宾+其它。。。+？
4.回答：Yes,主语代词+did\No,主语代词+didin't.
5.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。

实义动词的一般过去时态:
肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

肯定句为：
主语+动词过去式+宾语    如：
I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.

否定句：
主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 　如：
I didn't go home yesterday.  He didn't tell me about you.

疑问句：
一般疑问句：
Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如：Did you go home yesterday?　　
Did you study in the school?
肯定回答： Yes, I did.   　
否定回答：No, I didn't.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语
When did you finish your homework last night?     　
What did you do the day before yesterday?

考点名称：被动语态

• 语态：
  是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
  语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
  如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
  如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

• 被动语态的构成:
  被动语态的基本结构：
  主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
  ① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
  如：Trees are planted every year.
  ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
  如：The road is being repaired. 
  ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
  如：The work has been finished.
  ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
  如：The story was told by him.
  Many birds were killed last year.
  ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
  如： The new house was being painted when I got home.
  ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
  如： He told me that the work had been finished.
  ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
  如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
  ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
  如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
  ⑨情态动词的被动语态
  情态动词+ be +过去分词    
  如：The problem must be solved soon.
  Children should be taught to love animals.

• 被动语态使用注意:
  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out......
  What will happen in 100 years.
  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride.....
  This pen writes well.
  This new book sells well.
  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。
  例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
  My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
  We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
  The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
  构成be+done.

• 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
  ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
  ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
  ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
  ④其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
  
  不用于被动语态的情形：
  ①不及物动词没有被动语态
  这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
  例如：A fire broke out during the night.
  ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
  这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 
  例如：My shoes do not fit me.
  ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
  例如：We should help each other.
  
  关于主动形式表示被动意义:
  ①系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用主动表被动，因为系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。